INDEX: Kowalski Plumbing and Heating

INDEX:
Kowalski Plumbing and Heating

Kowalski Plumbing And Everything Else Road Sign – Kowalski Plumbing and Heating, Inc

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This Kowalski Plumbing and Heating index page aggregates links
to all posts and photos of retail merchandising, display, and outfitting
as well as deep Background courtesy of Wikipedia.

BACKSTORY: S. J. Kowalski, Inc. has been serving the heating, air-conditioning and plumbing needs of the greater Hazleton and surrounding areas since 1972. We install high-quality equipment from today’s industry leaders like Trane, Mitsubishi, Rinnai, Honeywell and Triangle Tube while providing “round-the-clock” 24 Hour Emergency Service. We are a family owned and operated business and the area’s only Trane “Comfort Specialist” dealer.

It’s important to get ready for the upcoming Winter season, getting your repairs and necessary services out of the way early will save you money and peace of mind in the long wrong. If your furnace, Mitsubishi mini split, boiler or heat pump breaks down mid winter that’s a big problem. We provide expert service and preventative maintenance to make sure this doesn’t happen.

At SJ Kowalski Inc we are committed to providing the best products and solutions to help lower your energy costs and keep your family safe and comfortable. (SOURCE: ABOUT: S. J. Kowalski, Inc)

BACKSTORY: Plumbing is any system that conveys fluids for a wide range of applications. Plumbing uses pipes, valves, plumbing fixtures, tanks, and other apparatuses to convey fluids.^[1]Heating and cooling (HVAC), waste removal, and potable water delivery are among the most common uses for plumbing, but it is not limited to these applications.^[2] The word derives from the Latin for lead, plumbum, as the first effective pipes used in the Roman era were lead pipes.^[3]

In the developed world, plumbing infrastructure is critical to public health and sanitation.^[4]^[5]

Boilermakers and pipefitters are not plumbers although they work with piping as part of their trade and their work can include some plumbing.

Plumbing originated during ancient civilizations, as they developed public baths and needed to provide potable water and wastewater removal for larger numbers of people.^[6]

The Mesopotamians introduced the world to clay sewer pipes around 4000 BCE, with the earliest examples found in the Temple of Bel at Nippur and at Eshnunna,^[7] used to remove wastewater from sites, and capture rainwater, in wells. The city of Uruk contains the oldest known examples of brick constructed Latrines, constructed atop interconnecting fired clay sewer pipes, c. 3200 BCE.^[8]^[9] Clay pipes were later used in the Hittite city of Hattusa.^[10] They had easily detachable and replaceable segments, and allowed for cleaning.

Standardized earthen plumbing pipes with broad flanges making use of asphalt for preventing leakages appeared in the urban settlements of the Indus Valley civilization by 2700 BC.^[11]

Copper piping appeared in Egypt by 2400 BCE, with the Pyramid of Sahure and adjoining temple complex at Abusir, found to be connected by a copper waste pipe.^[12]

The word “plumber” dates from the Roman Empire.^[13] The Latin for lead is plumbum. Roman roofs used lead in conduits and drain pipes^[14] and some were also covered with lead. Lead was also used for piping and for making baths.^[15]

Plumbing reached its early apex in ancient Rome, which saw the introduction of expansive systems of aqueducts, tile wastewater removal, and widespread use of lead pipes. The Romans used lead pipe inscriptions to prevent water theft. With the Fall of Rome both water supply and sanitation stagnated—or regressed—for well over 1,000 years. Improvement was very slow, with little effective progress made until the growth of modern densely populated cities in the 1800s. During this period, public health authorities began pressing for better waste disposal systems to be installed, to prevent or control epidemics of disease. Earlier, the waste disposal system had consisted of collecting waste and dumping it on the ground or into a river. Eventually the development of separate, underground water and sewage systems eliminated open sewage ditches and cesspools.

In post-classical Kilwa the wealthy enjoyed indoor plumbing in their stone homes.^[16]^[17]

Most large cities today pipe solid wastes to sewage treatment plants in order to separate and partially purify the water, before emptying into streams or other bodies of water. For potable water use, galvanized iron piping was commonplace in the United States from the late 1800s until around 1960. After that period, copper piping took over, first soft copper with flared fittings, then with rigid copper tubing using soldered fittings.

The use of lead for potable water declined sharply after World War II because of increased awareness of the dangers of lead poisoning. At this time, copper piping was introduced as a better and safer alternative to lead pipes.^[18] (Source: Wikipedia)

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